I-Benzoic acid yikristale emhlophe eqinileyo okanye engenambala enefomyula i-C6H5COOH. Inevumba elithozamisayo nelimnandi. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezahlukeneyo, i-benzoic acid isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukugcinwa kokutya, amayeza, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa.

I-Benzoic acid kunye nee-esters zayo zifumaneka ngokwemvelo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, amaqunube amaninzi anomlinganiselo obalulekileyo, malunga ne-0.05%. Iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeVaccinium, ezifana ne-cranberry (V. vitis-idaea) kunye ne-bilberry (V. myrtillus), zinokuqulatha amanqanaba e-benzoic acid asimahla ukusuka kwi-0.03% ukuya kwi-0.13%. Ukongeza, ii-apile zivelisa i-benzoic acid xa zosulelwe yi-fungus i-Nectria galligena. Le khompawundi ikwafunyenwe kwizitho zangaphakathi kunye nezihlunu ze-rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta), kunye nakwi-glandular secretions ye-muskoxen yesilisa (Ovibos moschatus) kunye neendlovu ze-Asian bull (Elephas maximus). Ngaphezu koko, i-gum benzoin inokuqulatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20% ye-benzoic acid kunye ne-40% yee-esters zayo.

I-Benzoic acid, evela kwi-cassia oil, ifanelekile kwizithambiso ezisekelwe kwizityalo kuphela.

Ukusetyenziswa kweBenzoic Acid

1. Ukuveliswa kwe-phenol kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-benzoic acid. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-phenol inokufumaneka kwi-benzoic acid ngenkqubo yokunyanga i-benzoic acid enyibilikisiweyo ngegesi ekhupha i-oxidizing, mhlawumbi umoya, kunye nomphunga kumaqondo obushushu aqala kwi-200°C ukuya kwi-250°C.

2. I-Benzoic acid isebenza njengomanduleli we-benzoyl chloride, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, iidayi, iziqholo, amayeza okubulala ukhula, kunye namayeza. Ukongeza, i-benzoic acid idlula kwi-metabolism ukuze yenze ii-benzoate esters, ii-benzoate amides, ii-thioesters ze-benzoates, kunye ne-benzoic anhydride. Yinto ebalulekileyo kwisakhiwo kwiikhompawundi ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezifumaneka kwindalo kwaye ibalulekile kwikhemikhali yendalo.

3. Enye yezona ndlela ziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwe-benzoic acid kukugcina ukutya kusemgangathweni. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiziselo, kwimveliso yeziqhamo, nakwiisosi, apho idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukukhula kwesikhunta, igwele, kunye neebhaktheriya ezithile.

4. Kwicandelo lamayeza, i-benzoic acid idla ngokudityaniswa ne-salicylic acid ukulungisa iimeko zesikhumba ezibangelwa yifungus ezifana ne-athletic foot, i-ringworm, kunye ne-jock itch. Ukongeza, isetyenziswa kwiifomyula ezisetyenziswa ngaphandle kwesikhumba ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ze-keratolytic, ezinceda ekususeni ii-warts, ii-corns, kunye ne-calluses. Xa isetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango, i-benzoic acid isetyenziswa ngaphandle kwesikhumba. Ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iikhrimu, amafutha okugcoba, kunye neepowders. Uxinzelelo lwe-benzoic acid kwezi mveliso ludla ngokuqala kwi-5% ukuya kwi-10%, ludla ngokudityaniswa noxinzelelo olufanayo lwe-salicylic acid. Ukuze ufumane unyango olusebenzayo lwezifo zesikhumba ezibangelwa yifungus, kubalulekile ukucoca nokomisa indawo echaphazelekayo kakuhle ngaphambi kokufaka umaleko omncinci wamayeza. Ukusetyenziswa kudla ngokucetyiswa kabini ukuya kathathu ngemini, kwaye ukunamathela kwisikhokelo sengcali yezempilo kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezilungileyo.

I-Benzoic acid idla ngokuthathwa njengekhuselekileyo xa isetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo; nangona kunjalo, inokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kubantu abathile. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezixelwa rhoqo ziquka ukusabela kwesikhumba okufana nokuba bomvu, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa. Ezi mpawu zihlala zincinci kwaye zezokwexeshana, nangona zinokuba nzima kwabanye. Ukuba ukurhawuzelelwa kuyaqhubeka okanye kuyaqina, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa le mveliso kwaye ufune isikhokelo kwingcali yezempilo.

Abo baziwayo ukuba abanayo i-hypersensitivity kwi-benzoic acid okanye nakweyiphi na izithako zayo kufuneka bayeke ukusebenzisa iimveliso eziqulethe le khemikhali. Ukongeza, ayivumelekanga ukuba isetyenziswe kumanxeba avulekileyo okanye kulusu oluphukileyo, njengoko ukufunxwa kwe-asidi kulusu olubuthathaka kunokubangela ubuthi emzimbeni. Iimpawu zobuthi emzimbeni zinokubandakanya isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, ukungonwabi esiswini, kunye nesiyezi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kufuneke unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo nabancancisayo bayakhuthazwa ukuba badibane nomboneleli wabo wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba basebenzise iimveliso ezine-benzoic acid ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo kunye neentsana zabo. Nangona ubungqina malunga nemiphumo ye-benzoic acid ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuncancisa buncinci, kusoloko kububulumko ukubeka phambili isilumkiso.

Ngamafutshane, i-benzoic acid yikhompawundi exabisekileyo eneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Ukwenzeka kwayo ngokwendalo, iimpawu zayo zokugcina izinto zikhuselekile, kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo kwenza ukuba ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-benzoic acid ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo, ukulandela izikhokelo ezicetyiswayo kunye nokubonisana neengcali zempilo xa kuyimfuneko.