I-asidi ye-Benzoic yi-solide emhlophe okanye i-crystals engenambala efana nenaliti kunye ne-formula C6H5COOH. Inevumba elimyoli nelimnandi. Ngenxa yeepropathi zayo eziguquguqukayo, i-benzoic acid ifumana ukusetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukugcinwa kokutya, amayeza, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa.

I-Benzoic acid kunye ne-esters yayo ngokwemvelo ikhona kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ngokucacileyo, amajikijolo amaninzi anoxinzelelo olubalulekileyo, malunga ne-0.05%. Iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo zeentlobo ezininzi zeVaccinium, ezifana necranberry (V. vitis-idaea) kunye nebhilberry (V. myrtillus), zinokuqulatha amanqanaba asimahla e-benzoic acid ukusuka kwi-0.03% ukuya kwi-0.13%. Ukongeza, ii-apile zivelisa i-benzoic acid xa yosulelwe yi-Nectria galligena yefungus. Le khompawundi iye yabhaqwa kumalungu angaphakathi kunye nezihlunu rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta), kwakunye secretions glandular of male muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) kunye Asian inkunzi elephants (Elephas maximus). Ngapha koko, igum benzoin inokuqulatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20% ye-benzoic acid kunye ne-40% yee-esters zayo.

I-asidi ye-Benzoic, ephuma kwioli ye-cassia, ifanelekile kwizithambiso ezisekelwe kwizityalo ngokupheleleyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Benzoic Acid

1. Ukuveliswa kwe-phenol kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-benzoic acid. Kufunyaniswe ukuba i-phenol inokufunyanwa kwi-asidi ye-benzoic ngenkqubo yokunyanga i-benzoic acid enyibilikisiweyo nge-oxidizing gas, ngokufanelekileyo umoya, kunye nomphunga kumaqondo obushushu ukusuka kwi-200 ° C ukuya kuma-250 ° C.

2. I-Benzoic acid isebenza njenge-precursor ye-benzoyl chloride, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni uluhlu olubanzi lweekhemikhali, iidayi, iziqhumiso, i-herbicides, kunye namayeza. Ukongeza, i-benzoic acid ingena kwimetabolism ukuze yenze i-benzoate esters, i-benzoate amides, i-thioesters ye-benzoates, kunye ne-benzoic anhydride. Yinto ebalulekileyo yolwakhiwo kwiikhompawundi ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezifumaneka kwindalo kwaye ibalulekile kwimichiza ephilayo.

3. Esinye sezicelo eziphambili ze-benzoic acid njengesilondolozi ngaphakathi kwecandelo lokutya. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiziselo, iimveliso zeziqhamo, kunye neesosi, apho idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukukhula kokungunda, igwele kunye neentsholongwane ezithile.

4. Kwindawo yamayeza, i-benzoic acid idla ngokudityaniswa ne-salicylic acid ukujongana neemeko zesikhumba zefungal ezifana nonyawo lomdlali, i-ringworm, kunye ne-jock itch. Ukongezelela, isetyenziselwa ukuxutywa kwezihloko ngenxa yemiphumo yayo ye-keratolytic, enceda ekususeni iintsumpa, i-corns, kunye neefowuni. Xa isetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango, i-benzoic acid isetyenziswa ngokubanzi phezulu. Ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iikhrimu, izithambiso, kunye nomgubo. Uxinzelelo lwe-benzoic acid kwezi mveliso luhlala lusuka kwi-5% ukuya kwi-10%, luhlala ludityaniswa noxinzelelo olufanayo lwe-salicylic acid. Ukuze unyango olusebenzayo lwezifo ze-fungal zesikhumba, kubalulekile ukucoca kunye nowomisa indawo echaphazelekayo ngokucokisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise umgca omncinci weyeza. Isicelo sikholisa ukucetyiswa kabini ukuya kathathu ngemini, kwaye ukuthobela isikhokelo sokhathalelo lwezempilo kubalulekile ekufumaneni ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo.

I-asidi ye-Benzoic ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengekhuselekile xa isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo; nangona kunjalo, kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kubantu abathile. Ezona ziphumo bezisoloko zixelwa zibandakanya ukusabela kolusu lwasekhaya olufana nokuba bomvu, ukurhawuzelelwa, nokurhawuzelelwa. Ezi mpawu ngokubanzi zithambile kwaye zokwexeshana, nangona zisenokungakhululeki kwabanye. Ukuba ukucaphuka kuyaqhubeka okanye kuyaqina, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa imveliso kwaye ufune isikhokelo kwingcali yezempilo.

Abo bane-hypersensitivity eyaziwayo kwi-benzoic acid okanye naziphi na izithako zayo kufuneka bayeke ukusebenzisa iimveliso eziqulethe le khompawundi. Ukongeza, i-contraindicated ukuba isetyenziswe kumanxeba avulekileyo okanye ulusu olwaphukileyo, njengoko ukufunxwa kwe-asidi ngesikhumba esiphazamisekileyo kunokubangela ubuthi benkqubo. Iimpawu ze-systemic toxicity zingabandakanya isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, ukungahambi kakuhle kwesisu, kunye nesiyezi, kufuna ukungenelela kwangoko kwezonyango.

Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabancancisayo bayakhuthazwa ukuba badibane nomboneleli wabo wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba basebenzise iimveliso ezine-benzoic acid ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo neentsana zabo. Nangona ubungqina malunga nemiphumo ye-benzoic acid ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye ne-lactation lilinganiselwe, kusoloko kububulumko ukubeka phambili ukuqaphela.

Isishwankathelo, i-benzoic acid iyikhompawundi exabisekileyo enoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ukwenzeka kwayo ngokwendalo, iipropati zokulondoloza, kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo kuyenza ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kumashishini awahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-benzoic acid ngokukhuselekileyo nangemfanelo, ngokulandela izikhokelo ezicetyiswayo kunye nokubonisana nochwepheshe bezempilo xa kuyimfuneko.