Ngaba iincasa zendalo zingcono kuneencasa ezenziweyo?

Ngokwembono yemizi-mveliso, ivumba lisetyenziselwa ukumisela incasa yevumba eliguquguqukayo lento, umthombo walo wahlulwe waba ziindidi ezimbini: enye "yincasa yendalo", evela kwizityalo, kwizilwanyana, kwizinto ezinobungozi ezisebenzisa "indlela ebonakalayo" izinto zevumba elitsaliweyo; enye "yincasa yokwenziwa", eyenziwe ngezinye "i-distillate" kunye ne-asidi, i-alkali, ityuwa kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezifunyenwe kwizinto zeminerali ezifana nepetroleum kunye namalahle ngonyango kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iincasa zendalo ziye zafunwa kakhulu kwaye amaxabiso anyuke kakhulu, kodwa ngaba iincasa zendalo zingcono kuneencasa zokwenziwa?

Iziqholo zendalo zahlulwe zibe ziziqholo zezilwanyana kunye neziqholo zezityalo: iziqholo zendalo zezilwanyana ziindidi ezine: i-musk, i-civet, i-castoreum kunye ne-ambergris; Ivumba lendalo lezityalo ngumxube we-organic othathwe kwiintyatyambo, amagqabi, amasebe, iziqu, iziqhamo, njl.njl., zezityalo ezinevumba elimnandi. Iziqholo ezenziweyo zinevumba le-semi-synthetic kunye neziqholo ezipheleleyo ezenziweyo: ukusetyenziswa kwento yendalo emva kokusabela kweekhemikhali ukutshintsha isakhiwo seziqholo kuthiwa ziziqholo ze-semi-synthetic, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisisiseko zekhemikhali eziluhlaza ezenziweyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziziqholo ezipheleleyo ezenziweyo. Ngokwendlela yokwahlulahlula amaqela asebenzayo, iziqholo ezenziweyo zingahlulwa zibe ziziqholo ze-ether (i-diphenyl ether, i-anisole, njl.njl.), iziqholo ze-aldehyde-ketone (i-musketone, i-cyclopentadecanone, njl.njl.), iziqholo ze-lactone (i-isoamyl acetate, i-amyl butyrate, njl.njl.), iziqholo zotywala (utywala obunamafutha, utywala obunuka kamnandi, utywala be-terpenoid, njl.njl.), njl.njl.

Iincasa zokuqala zingalungiswa kuphela ngeencasa zendalo, emva kokuvela kweencasa zokwenziwa, abenzi beziqholo banokulungiselela iintlobo ngeentlobo zeencasa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Kubasebenzi boshishino kunye nabathengi, inkxalabo ephambili kukuzinza nokhuseleko lweziqholo. Iincasa zendalo azikhuselekanga ngokuyimfuneko, kwaye iincasa zokwenziwa azikhuselekanga ngokuyimfuneko. Ukuzinza kwencasa kubonakala kakhulu kwiinkalo ezimbini: okokuqala, ukuzinza kwazo kwivumba okanye incasa; Okwesibini, ukuzinza kweempawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali ngokwazo okanye kwimveliso; Ukhuseleko lubhekisa ekubeni kukho ubuthi bomlomo, ubuthi besikhumba, ukurhawuzelelwa lusu namehlo, nokuba ukudibana nolusu kuya kuba ne-allergy, nokuba kukho ubuthi be-photosensitivity kunye ne-photosensitization yolusu.

Ngokuphathelele iziqholo, iziqholo zendalo zingumxube ontsonkothileyo, ochaphazeleka zizinto ezifana nemvelaphi kunye nemozulu, ezingazinzi lula ekubunjweni nasekuvuthweni, kwaye zihlala ziqulathe iintlobo ngeentlobo zeekhompawundi. Ukwakheka kwevumba kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kwaye ngenqanaba langoku lekhemistri kunye ne-biotechnology, kunzima ukufumana uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo kunye nokuqonda iinxalenye zevumba layo, kwaye impembelelo emzimbeni womntu ayilula ukuyiqonda. Eminye yale mingcipheko ayaziwa kuthi; Ukwakheka kweziqholo zokwenziwa kucacile, uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwebhayoloji lunokwenziwa, ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo kunokufezekiswa, kwaye ivumba lizinzile, kwaye ivumba lemveliso eyongeziweyo lingazinza, nto leyo esenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.

Ngokuphathelele izinyibilikisi ezisele, iziqholo zokwenziwa ziyafana neziqholo zendalo. Iincasa zendalo nazo zifuna izinyibilikisi kwinkqubo yokukhupha. Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa, isinyibilikisi sinokulawulwa kuluhlu olukhuselekileyo ngokukhetha isinyibilikisi kunye nokususa.

Uninzi lweencasa zendalo kunye neencasa zibiza kakhulu kuneencasa ezenziweyo kunye neencasa, kodwa oku akunxulumananga ngokuthe ngqo nokhuseleko, kwaye ezinye iincasa ezenziweyo zibiza kakhulu kuneencasa zendalo. Abantu bacinga ukuba indalo ingcono, ngamanye amaxesha kuba iincasa zendalo zenza abantu babe mnandi ngakumbi, kwaye ezinye izithako ezincinci kwiincasa zendalo zinokubangela umahluko omncinci kumava. Ayisiyonto yendalo ilungile, i-synthetic ayilunganga, lo gama nje ukusetyenziswa ngaphakathi komlinganiselo wemigaqo kunye nemigangatho kukhuselekile, kwaye xa sithetha ngokwesayensi, iziqholo ezenziweyo ziyalawuleka, zikhuselekile ngakumbi, kwinqanaba langoku, zifanelekile ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kuluntu.