Iincasa kunye neziqholo kwizithambiso

Iincasa zenziwe yi-organic compound enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezinevumba, kwezi molekyuli ze-organic kukho amaqela athile e-aromatic. zidityaniswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwi-molecule, ukuze iincasa zibe neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zevumba nevumba.

Ubunzima beemolekyuli ngokubanzi buphakathi kwama-26 nama-300, bunyibilika emanzini, kwi-ethanol okanye kwezinye izinyibilikisi zendalo. Imolekyuli kufuneka ibe neqela leeathomu ezifana ne-0H, -co -, -NH, kunye ne-SH, elibizwa ngokuba liqela leearomatic okanye iqela leearomatic. La maqela eenwele enza ivumba livelise izinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhuthazayo, zinika abantu iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo zempepho.

Ulwahlulo lweencasa

Ngokutsho komthombo, incasa yendalo ingahlulwahlulwa ibe ziincasa zendalo kunye neencasa ezenziweyo. Incasa yendalo ingahlulwahlulwa ibe yincasa yendalo yezilwanyana kunye nencasa yendalo yezityalo. Iziqholo ezenziweyo zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziincasa ezizimeleyo, ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali kunye neencasa zokuxuba, iincasa ezenziweyo zahlulwe zibe ziincasa ezenziweyo ezixutyiweyo kunye neencasa ezenziweyo ngokupheleleyo.

Iincasa zendalo

Iincasa zendalo zibhekisa kwiindawo zokuqala nezingakhange zisetyenziswe ngqo zezilwanyana nezityalo ezinevumba elimnandi; Okanye iincasa ezikhutshwe okanye ezicociweyo ngeendlela ezibonakalayo ngaphandle kokutshintsha ukwakheka kwazo kokuqala. Iincasa zendalo ziquka iincasa zezilwanyana nezezityalo zendalo iindidi ezimbini.

Iincasa zendalo zezilwanyana

Iintlobo zeencasa zendalo zezilwanyana zincinci, ikakhulu ngenxa yokukhupha okanye ukukhupha izilwanyana, kukho malunga neentlobo ezilishumi elinesibini zeencasa zezilwanyana ezikhoyo zokusetyenziswa, ukusetyenziswa kwangoku kwezi: musk, ambergris, civet incense, castoren ezi ncasa zine zezilwanyana.

Incasa yendalo yesityalo

Incasa yendalo yezityalo yeyona nto iphambili ekuveliseni incasa yendalo, iintlobo zencasa yezityalo zityebile, kwaye iindlela zonyango zahlukile. Abantu bafumanise ukuba kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-3600 zezityalo ezinevumba elimnandi kwindalo, ezifana ne-mint, i-lavender, i-peony, i-jasmine, i-clove, njl.njl., kodwa zi-400 kuphela iintlobo zokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ezikhoyo ngoku. Ngokwesakhiwo sazo, zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-terpenoids, amaqela e-aliphatic, amaqela e-aromatic kunye nee-nitrogen kunye ne-sulfur compounds.

iincasa ezenziweyo

Incasa yokwenziwa yincasa elungiselelwe ngokwenziwa kweekhemikhali kusetyenziswa izinto zemvelo okanye izinto zokwenza iikhemikhali. Okwangoku, kukho malunga neentlobo ezingama-4000 ukuya kuma-5000 zeencasa zokwenziwa ngokweencwadi, kwaye malunga neentlobo ezingama-700 zisetyenziswa rhoqo. Kwifomula yencasa yangoku, iincasa zokwenziwa zimalunga nama-85%.

Izinto zokwahlukanisa iziqholo

Iiperfume isolates ziikhompawundi zencasa enye ezihlukaniswe ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokweekhemikhali kwiivumba zendalo. Zinomxube omnye kunye nesakhiwo esicacileyo semolekyuli, kodwa zinevumba elinye, kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe nezinye iivumba zendalo okanye ezenziwe ngokwenziwa.

Incasa engeyonziweyo

Incasa engeyonziweyo luhlobo lwemveliso yencasa eyenziwe yi-chemical reaction, nto leyo eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yencasa yokwenziwa. Okwangoku, iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-150 zeemveliso zevumba ezingeyonziweyo ziye zaphuhliswa kwimizi-mveliso.

Iincasa ezenziwe ngokupheleleyo

Iincasa ezidityanisiweyo ngokupheleleyo yikhemikhali efunyenwe yi-multi-step chemical synthesis reaction yeemveliso zeekhemikhali ze-petrochemical okanye zamalahle njengezinto ezisisiseko. "Zizinto ezidityanisiweyo" ezilungiselelwe ngokwendlela yokwenziwa eyenziweyo. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-5,000 zeencasa ezidityanisiweyo ehlabathini, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-1,400 zeencasa ezidityanisiweyo ezivunyelweyo eTshayina, kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-400 zeemveliso ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.

Ukudibanisa incasa

Ukuxuba kubhekisa kumxube weencasa ezininzi okanye ezininzi ezenziweyo (iziqholo zendalo, ezenziweyo nezikhethekileyo) ezinevumba okanye ivumba elithile elinokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwincasa yemveliso, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-essence.

Ngokwemisebenzi yeencasa ekuxubeni, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amahlanu: i-agent ephambili yevumba, kunye ne-agent yevumba, i-modifier, i-agent yevumba elisisigxina kunye nevumba. Inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: ivumba lentloko, ivumba lomzimba kunye nevumba elisisiseko ngokwexesha lokuguquguquka kwencasa kunye nexesha lokugcina.

Ulwahlulo lwevumba

UPoucher upapashe indlela yokwahlulahlula iivumba ngokweevumba zazo ezingaguqukiyo. Uvavanye iivumba zendalo kunye nezokwenziwa kunye nezinye iziqholo ezingama-330, wazihlulahlula zibe ziziqholo zokuqala, zomzimba kunye neziqholo eziphambili ngokusekelwe kubude bexesha ezihlale ngalo ephepheni.

I-Poucher inika i-coefficient "1" kwabo banevumba elilahlekileyo ngaphantsi kosuku, "2" kwabo banevumba elilahlekileyo ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezimbini, njalo njalo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-"100", emva koko ayisekho kwinqanaba. Uhlela i-1 ukuya kwi-14 njengevumba lentloko eli-15 ukuya kuma-60 njengevumba lomzimba kunye ne-62 ukuya kwi-100 njengevumba elisisiseko okanye iziqholo ezisisigxina.