Oku kungena kwimichiza ethile echaza umgangatho kunye nesimilo seLactone yobisi.

Nalu ucazululo oluneenkcukacha:

1. IKhemistri: Kutheni i-Isomerism ibalulekile kwiiLactones

Kwiilakhtoni ezifana ne-δ-Decalactone, igama elithi “cis” kunye “ne-trans” alibhekiseli kwiqhina eliphindwe kabini (njengoko isenza kwiimolekyuli ezinjengeeasidi ezinamafutha) kodwa kwi-stereochemistry enxulumeneyo kumaziko amabini e-chiral kwiringi. Ulwakhiwo lweringi ludala imeko apho ukuqhelaniswa kwendawo yeeathom zehydrogen kunye nekhonkco lealkyl ngokunxulumene nendiza yeringi yahluka.

· cis-Isomer: Iiathom zehydrogen kwiiathom zekhabhoni ezifanelekileyo zikwicala elinye lenqwelomoya yesangqa. Oku kudala imilo ethile, ethintelweyo.

· Trans-Isomer: Iiathom zehidrojeni zikumacala ahlukeneyo endiza yesangqa. Oku kudala ukumila kwemolekyuli okwahlukileyo, amaxesha amaninzi.

Lo mahluko ofihlakeleyo kwimilo ukhokelela kumahluko omkhulu kwindlela imolekyuli enxibelelana ngayo ne-receptors yevumba, kwaye ke, iprofayili yevumba layo.

2. Umlinganiselo kwiNdalo vs. SyntheticILactone yobisi

Umthombo Oqhelekileyo cis iNkalo ye-Isomer Eqhelekileyo trans ye-Isomer yoBume beSahlulo Isizathu esingundoqo

Ngokwendalo (ukusuka kwiDari) > 99.5% (Ngokusebenzayo 100%) < 0.5% (Ukulandela okanye ukungabikho) Indlela ye-enzymatic biosynthesis kwinkomo i-stereospecific, ivelisa kuphela (R) -ifomu ekhokelela kwi-cis-lactone.

I-Synthetic ~ 70% - 95% ~5% - 30% Uninzi lweendlela ze-chemical synthesis (umz., ukusuka kwi-petrochemicals okanye i-ricinoleic acid) azikho stereospecific ngokugqibeleleyo, ezikhokelela kumxube we-isomers (i-racemate). Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo uxhomekeke kwinkqubo ethile kunye namanyathelo okucoca.

3. Impembelelo yoluvo: Kutheni i-cis Isomer ibalulekile

Lo mlinganiso we-isomer awukho nje ukuthanda imichiza; inefuthe elithe ngqo nelinamandla kumgangatho woluvo:

· cis-δ-Decalactone: Le yi-isomere enexabiso eliphezulu, elibukhali, elikhrimu, elifana nepesika, kunye nevumba lobisi. Luphawu lwempembelelo edibanisayoILactone yobisi.

· trans-δ-Decalactone: Le isomer ineempawu ezibuthathaka kakhulu, ezincinci, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nevumba “eliluhlaza” okanye “elinamafutha”. Inegalelo elincinci kakhulu kwiprofayili enqwenelekayo yekhrimu kwaye iyakwazi ukungcungcuthekisa okanye ukuphazamisa ukucoceka kwevumba.

4. Iimpembelelo kuShishino lweNcasa & Neziqholo

Umyinge we-cis kwi-trans isomer luphawu oluphambili lomgangatho kunye neendleko:

1. IiLactones zendalo (ezisuka kwiDairy): Ngenxa yokuba ziyi-100% cis, zinevumba eliqinisekileyo, elinamandla, nelinqwenelekayo. Zikwazezona zibiza kakhulu ngenxa yeendleko zenkqubo yokutsalwa kwemveliso yobisi.

2. Umgangatho ophezulu weLactones Synthetic: Abavelisi basebenzisa iindlela eziphambili zeekhemikhali okanye ze-enzymatic ukunyusa isivuno se-cis isomer (umz., ukufikelela kwi-95%+). I-COA ye-premium synthetic lactone iya kuhlala ichaza umxholo ophezulu we-cis. Le yiparameter ebalulekileyo ejongwa ngabathengi.

3. Standard Synthetic Lactones: Umxholo wecis osezantsi (umz., 70-85%) ubonisa imveliso engacocwanga kakhulu. Iza kuba nevumba elibuthathaka, elingenabunyani kwaye lisetyenziswa kwizicelo apho iindleko zingumqhubi ophambili kwaye ivumba lomgangatho ophezulu alibalulekanga.

Ukuqukumbela

Isishwankathelo, umlinganiselo awulonani elimiselweyo kodwa sisalathiso esiphambili semvelaphi kunye nomgangatho:

· Ngokwendalo, umlinganiselo utyeke kakhulu ukuya kwi>99.5% cis-isomer.

· Kwi-synthesis, umlinganiselo uyahluka, kodwa umxholo we-cis-isomer ophezulu uhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nephezulu, indalo, kunye nevumba elimnandi elimnandi.

Ngoko ke, xa uvavanya isampuli yeILactone yobisi, i-cis / i-trans ratio yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuhlaziywa kwiSatifikethi sokuHlalutya (COA).