Incasa yokutya sisongezelelo sokutya, kuquka i-carrier, i-solvent, i-additive, i-carrier sucrose, i-dextrin, i-gum Arabic njalo njalo. Eli phepha lichaza ikakhulu iintlobo kunye nokuhlelwa kweencasa zokutya kunye nevumba elimnandi.
1.Iintlobo ngeentlobo zencasa kunye nevumba lokutya
Umlinganiselo weencasa zokutya mncinane kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo oluthile lokhuseleko nempilo, kwaye ungasetyenziswa kuphela emva kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemigaqo yezempilo efanelekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeencasa zokutya, ezahlulwe zibe ziqinileyo nezilulwelo ngokwendlela yomthamo. Incasa eqinileyo inencasa ye-microcapsule njalo njalo. Iincasa zolwelo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziincasa ezinyibilikayo emanzini, iincasa ezinyibilikayo kwioyile kunye neencasa ezixutyiweyo. Ukongeza, inokwahlulwa ngokwencasa kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Incasa ye-microcapsule yenziwe ngeencasa kunye nee-agents zokugquma (ezifana nesitatshi esiguquliweyo, njl.njl.) ngokusebenzisa i-emulsification kunye ne-spray drying, eneempawu zokuthintela ukulahleka kwe-oxidation kunye ne-volatilization, kwaye isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukongeza incasa kwiziselo eziqinileyo kunye nezinongo. I-essence enyibilikayo emanzini yenziwe ngamanzi acocekileyo okanye i-ethanol njengeziqholo ezinyibilikayo nezityiwayo, ikakhulu zisetyenziswa kwiziselo ezithambileyo nakwezinye iincasa. Incasa enyibilikayo kwi-oyile yenziwa ngokuxuba i-propylene glycol nencasa yokutya, njl.njl., ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukwenza iilekese kunye neebhisikithi zibe mnandi. I-essence enyibilikayo yinqanaba leoyile elakhiwe yincasa yokutya, iioyile zokutya, abalawuli bomxhuzulane abathile, ii-antioxidants, izithinteli, njl.njl., kunye nenqanaba lamanzi elakhiwe zii-emulsifiers, izithambisi, izithinteli, izithinteli, ii-agents ezimuncu kunye namanzi acocekileyo, njl.njl., ezenziwe yi-emulsification kunye ne-homogenization yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ikakhulu isetyenziselwa iziselo ezithambileyo kunye neziselo ezibandayo, ukuphucula incasa, umbala okanye i-turbidity.
2. Ukuhlelwa kwencasa kunye nevumba lokutya
Incasa yokutya sisongezelelo esibalulekileyo sokutya kwishishini lokutya. Kwizongezo zokutya, ngumzimba waso, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwewaka. Iintlobo zeencasa zinokwahlulwa zibe:
(1) Incasa yendalo. Yinto yendalo ngokupheleleyo ekhutshwa kwizityalo nezilwanyana (iziqholo) ngeendlela zomzimba. Ngokwesiqhelo, abathwali bezinto zevumba lendalo banokufunyanwa kwiziqhamo, amalungu ezilwanyana, amagqabi, iti kunye nembewu. Iindlela zokukhupha kukukhupha, ukucola kunye nokugxila. I-vanilla extract, i-cocoa extract, i-strawberry extract njalo njalo zinokufunyanwa ngendlela yokukhupha. Ioyile yepeppermint, ioyile yefennel, ioyile yesinamoni (osmanthus), ioyile ye-eucalyptus inokufumaneka ngokucola. Ioyile yeorenji, ioyile yelamuni kunye neoyile ye-citrus inokufumaneka ngokucola. I-apile juice concentrate, i-mango concentrate, i-orange juice concentrate njalo njalo zinokufunyanwa ngendlela yokugxila. Kukho izinto ezingaphezulu kwama-5,000 ezikrwada ezinokukhupha iincasa zokutya emhlabeni, kwaye ezingaphezu kwe-1,500 zisetyenziswa rhoqo.
(2) Incasa yendalo. Olu hlobo lwencasa lufumaneka ngonyango lweekhemikhali lwezinto zemvelo okanye ukwenziwa kwezinto ezingeyonyani kunye nezinto zencasa yendalo ezifana ncasa.
(3) Incasa yokwenziwa. Ifunyanwa ngokwenziwa kokwenziwa kunye nezinye iindlela zeekhemikhali kwaye akuqinisekiswanga ukuba iimolekyuli zekhemikhali zendalo zento. Ukuba zifumaneka kwindalo kwaye zilawula iimolekyuli zekhemikhali ezifanayo, zilingana nencasa yendalo. Lo gama nje kukho izinto ezikrwada kwi-essence ziyinto yokwenziwa, oko kukuthi, i-essence yokwenziwa yokwenziwa.
⑷ Incasa elungiselelwe ngendlela ye-microbial. Yinto efumaneka ngokubiliswa kwe-microbial okanye i-enzyme reaction.
(5) I-Reactive essence. Olu hlobo lwencasa luvela kwi-Maillard reaction yokufudumeza iproteni kunye nokunciphisa iswekile, kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo kwinyama, itshokolethi, ikofu, ivumba le-malt.
Ngokwesimo sendlela yokwahlulahlula incasa, iincasa zokutya ziquka: incasa yolwelo (enyibilikayo emanzini, enyibilikayo kwioyile, emulsifying), apho izinto zevumba zibalelwa kwi-10%-20%, i-solvent (amanzi, i-propylene glycol, njl.njl.) zibalelwa kwi-80%-90%; Incasa ye-emulsion, kuquka i-solvent, i-emulsifier, iglu, i-stabilizer, i-pigment, i-asidi kunye ne-antioxidant, i-80%--90%; Incasa yomgubo, apho into yevumba ibalelwa kwi-10%-20%, inkampani ethwala ibalelwa kwi-80%-90%.
Uphuhliso lwencasa yepowder lukhawuleza, kwaye luneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwiziselo, izidlo ezikhawulezayo, izinto ezibhakiweyo njalo njalo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeencasa zepowder ezisetyenziswa rhoqo:
(1) Incasa yomgubo ngendlela yokuxuba: izinto ezininzi ezinencasa yomgubo zixutywa kunye, njenge-five-spice powder, i-curry powder, njl.njl.; Uninzi lwala mavumba luvela kwiziqholo zezityalo zendalo, nasekulungiseleleni iincasa zenyama; i-vanilla powder, i-vanillin, njl.njl., nazo ziincasa zomgubo ngendlela yokuxuba.
(2) Incasa yomgubo ngendlela yokufunxa: incasa ifunxa kakhulu kumphezulu wesitya, kwaye ukwakheka kwale ncasa kufuneka kube nokuguquguquka okuphantsi; Iincasa ezahlukeneyo zenyama ikakhulu ziincasa zomgubo ngendlela yokufunxa.
(3) Uhlobo lokugquma lwencasa ye-microcapsule powder yeyona ncasa ye-powder esetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokutya namhlanje.
I-microgelatinization yencasa yindlela ekhethekileyo yokupakisha, ukwahlula, ukulondoloza, ukukhupha kancinci kunye nokunyanga incasa ngolwelo, injongo yayo ephambili kukugcina incasa yokuqala ixesha elide, kunye nokugcina incasa ngcono ukuthintela ukonakala kwencasa okubangelwa yi-oxidation kunye nezinye izinto.
Esi siphumo sibaluleke kakhulu kwaye sisebenza ngokubanzi kwezinye iincasa zepowder kwizicelo zeshishini lokutya. Ngokufutshane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: imveliso yesiselo esiqinileyo yendabuko isebenzisa kakhulu indlela yokomisa ngokutshiza, indlela yokomisa nge-vacuum kunye nendlela yokomisa ngokubilisa ukuvelisa, inkqubo yemveliso isebenzisa incasa engamanzi, kufuneka ifudunyezwe ukuze kususwe isinyibilikisi, incasa yemveliso iya kuchaphazeleka.
Indlela yokuxuba umgubo owomileyo isetyenziswa ekuveliseni isiselo esiqinileyo. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, izithako ezahlukeneyo zomgubo zixutywa ngokuthe ngqo ne-microgel powder essence, ngaphandle kokufudumeza, kwaye incasa yemveliso ayitshintshi. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-microgel granule powder flavouring kwiziselo eziqinileyo kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kulula ukuyixuba ngokulinganayo, ayinyusi ubushushu beemveliso ze-flavour, iimveliso zigcina imeko yomgubo wokuqala, kwaye aziyi kutshintsha umbala kwiimveliso ezimhlophe ezineswekile.
Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezivumbayo zigqunywe kwikhaphu, ukulahleka kwe-volatilization kuyathintelwa, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ixesha lokugcinwa. Izinto ezivumbayo zahlulwe kwindawo ejikelezileyo ukuthintela amathuba okonakala kwencasa ngenxa yezinto ezifana ne-oxidation, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa kakhulu ixesha lokugcina imveliso. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-flavour yencasa yolwelo akulula, akukho lula ukuyixuba ngokulinganayo, kwandisa umxholo wamanzi weemveliso ezivumbayo, ukuze imveliso ibe lula ukuyenza i-caking, kwiimveliso ezimhlophe ezineswekile ziya kuba tyheli kancinci kancinci, incasa inokongezwa kuphela kumphezulu, ityhileke kwindawo ebangela ukuguquguquka ngokukhawuleza, igcine ixesha levumba lifutshane, indawo enkulu yokunxibelelana nencasa nomoya, ichaphazeleka yi-oxidation, ikhuthaza ukonakala kwencasa, ixesha elifutshane lokugcina.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-02-2024